Media dalam kehidupan dan perkembangan kanak-kanak

This paper discusses the literature on the role of media in the lives and physical, behavioral, and cognitive development of children. The Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model is used as an approach for discussing this issue. According to literature, the relationship between children's use of and exposure to media, and their ecological contexts are determined by three important aspects, namely: poor diet; pro- and anti-social behavior; and academic achievement. In addition to a discussion of traditional and new electronic media, this paper pays special attention to how ecological context shapes television effects on child development. The author presents guidelines for parents who are concerned with the best way to manage media use among their children

Exposure to the US news media, religion and the Malaysians' students attitudes towards the United States

This study primarily seeks to determine the influence of exposure to US media and religion on Malaysian students' attitudes toward the United States of America. A total of 133 male and 158 female students (181 were Muslims and 105 non-Muslims) participated in a self-administered survey assessing their attitudes toward the US. The findings showed that ambivalent tendencies reflected in the majority of students' seeming dislike towards American idea and values, and 'concept of democracy' that are slowly seeping into the Malaysian way of life. On the other hand, the same respondents also welcomed American music and movies, its technological and scientific advancement, and the 'work ethics' that American capitalism claims to adhere. No significant difference was found on all four items on attitudes toward US between respondents who were exposed to CNN and US newsmagazine from those who were not exposed to these US media, except on attitudes towards US technological and scientific advancement. The influence of religion seems more prominent. Muslim and non-Muslim respondents significantly differed in their preference for American ideas and customs, music and movies, and technological as well as scientific progress. However, attitude towards the American way of doing business was well appreciated. The pattern of findings suggests that foreign media exposure is not necessarily a good measure of foreign cultural orientation, but religion seem to be a powerful factor of audience attitudinal reaction to international cultural exchange

Pola Komunikasi dalam IRC: Kajian di Alamak Internet Web Free Chat Saluran Malaysia/Kampung_Aman

Komunikasi berantarakan komputer merupakan di antara cara baru manusia berinteraksi pada masa kini. Ia dilihat sebagai mempunyai potensi yang tinggi dalam memudahkan perhubungan di antara manusia tanpa mengira sempadan fizikal, budaya, ruang dan masa. Berdasarkan kepada potensi ini, kajian ini telah meneroka kandungan komunikasi yang telah dibentuk melalui Internet Relay Chat (IRC) sebagai salah satu medium baru dalam perhubungan komunikasi berkomputer. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang berasaskan Etnografi Komunikasi bagi mengenalpasti cara gaya para pengguna berkomunikasi di ruang maya ini melalui kandungan pola komunikasi yang telah dibentuk. Dengan itu, data kajian ini didapati melalui rakaman perbualan IRC daripada Alamak web chat saluran MalaysiaIKampung_Aman selama 30 minit yang mengandungi 579 ujaran hasil interaksi daripada 120 orang peserta. Analisis interaksi dalam komunikasi IRC ini adalah berasaskan kepada grid model SPEAKING dan teori Definisi Isyarat Peirce. Hasil kajian menunjukkan dalam perbualan IRC para peserta membincangkan pelbagai topik dan isu yang kebanyakannya berkait dengan perhubungan peribadi dan bersifat keindividuan; kebanyakan unsur-unsur komunikasi bukan lisan dimanifestasikan melalui manipulasi perkataan seperti menggunakan huruf besar, penyingkatan kata, pernyataan tingkah laku, dan ciri ciri kebahasaan yang digunakan dalam komunikasi lisan; dan ciri-ciri komunikasi yang wujud adalah berkait rapat dengan sifat asas IRC sebagai medium elektronik. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah memperlihatkan kandungan komunikasi IRC yang agak unik dan berbeza dengan komunikasi bersemuka. Kandungan komunikasi yang terhasil dan diterimaguna dalam perbualan telah membentuk satu set nilai dan amalan di kalangan peserta sebagai sebuah komuniti maya dalam usaha melancarkan interaksi dan mencapai komunikasi yang berkesan

Hubungan antara gaya keibubapaan dengan penggunaan internet kanak-kanak

Peranan ibu bapa dalam penyediaan teknologi dan pemantauan penggunaan teknologi di peringkat keluarga adalah sangat penting kerana proses pendidikan dalam diri individu bermula daripada sejak dini. Tingkah laku pemantauan ibu bapa terhadap penggunaan teknologi dalam kalangan anak-anak adalah berasaskan gaya keibubapaan yang diimplimentasi dalam proses perkembangan anak-anak. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara pola penggunaan Internet dalam kalangan kanak-kanak sekolah rendah dengan gaya keibubapaan. Gaya keibubapaan kajian ini merujuk kepada gaya autoritarian, autoritatif, permisif, dan pengabaian (Baumrind, 1991; Maccoby & Martin, 1983). Kajian ini dilakukan secara tinjauan dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik melibatkan 350 murid berumur 10 dan 11 tahun dan penjaga mereka di beberapa buah sekolah kebangsaan di sekitar Putrajaya. Secara umumnya, dapatan kajian ini membuktikan bahawa gaya keibubapaan autoritatif adalah cara yang paling biasa digunakan oleh ibu bapa, diikuti dengan gaya permisif dan autoritarian. Sementara gaya pengabaian adalah cara yang paling sedikit digunakan oleh ibu bapa. Keputusan ini menggambarkan bahawa ibu bapa yang inginkan proses pembelajaran dalam kalangan anak-anak, mengiktiraf akan potensi kesan positif internet ke atas anak-anak. Mereka menyokong penggunaan internet oleh anak-anak dengan peraturan atau had yang munasabah. Di samping itu, aktiviti penggunaan internet oleh anak-anak pula didapati lebih cenderung kepada penggunaan untuk tujuan hiburan dengan purata masa penggunaan selama 3 jam sehari. Sebagai kesimpulannya, pemantauan terhadap penggunaan internet oleh anak-anak sejak awal memerlukan kesungguhan dan kesabaran di pihak ibu bapa dalam perkembangan teknologi semasa, agar ia dapat dimanfaatkan seoptimum mungki

Gamers' Reasons for Purchasing Gaming Virtual Products: A Systematic Review

With the development of the gaming industry, the trend of gaming virtual goods consumption is gradually growing, and online gaming goods consumption has become a hot topic. Players spend a lot of money purchasing virtual items. Why do people buy these items? Therefore, we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the reasons for purchasing virtual goods in games. We use the “The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) statement to guide the data collection, analysis and reporting project for the systematic review. This article obtained 37 papers from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases. The article covers research during the period 2013-2023. We review the independent and dependent variables, research methods, theoretical background, and findings involved in the relevant literature. The study finds that the "enjoyment", "social attributes" and "functional value" of gaming products often play a key role in consumer purchases at certain times and among certain user groups. It is the hope of this paper that these findings will increase gaming companies' understanding of what drives players to purchase virtual items. Game designers can grasp the needs of game users and better convert ideas into payment points so that game companies can get higher profits

Examining the Effects among Motivation Needs, Satisfaction, and Instagram Continuance Intention in Malaysian Students

While social media platforms, notably Instagram, have gained traction among university students, this study sought to understand factors influencing their continued use among a segment of Malaysian university students. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the role of satisfaction (SAT) as a mediator in the relationship between various types of motivational needs and the continued intention (CI) to use Instagram. The motivational needs under study included cognitive needs (CN), affective needs (AN), personal integrative needs (PIN), social integrative needs (SIN), and escape needs (EN). This research was built on the foundations of the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) and Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT). Using a non-probablistic sampling strategy, this study gathered data via questionnaires from a sample of 384 students from six selected universities in Klang Valley. Within the scope of the research sample, a key finding emerged: SAT notably mediates the relationship between CN, SIN, PIN, and CI. This finding illustrates the pivotal role of SAT in the context of UGT and ECT, suggesting that SAT derived from Instagram usage is a critical factor in explaining the sustained engagement of university students, based on specific motivational needs. Within the context of this study's sampled participants, this result offers insights into how SAT, influenced by distinct motivational needs, may impact the intention to continue using Instagram. In practical terms, these insights may assist social media platform developers and educational institutions in understanding and addressing the satisfaction and engagement levels of university users. Simultaneously, the quota sampling strategy employed in this study serves as a valuable model for future research in similar contexts. However, this study recommend that future research expand the sample to include a broader cross-section of Malaysian university students to enhance representativeness and generalizability

Systematic Literature Review on Driving Factors of COVID-19 Related Fake News Sharing on Social Media

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the news sharing behavior of social media users has exacerbated the proliferation of fake news, contributed to significant negative impacts on the public and society. This study aimed to explore the driving factors of COVID-19 related fake news sharing on social media and identify interventions to combat its dissemination. A systematic literature review under the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was conducted using various databases, resulting in several key findings. Individual motivations such as information sharing, socialization, altruism, and self-promotion were identified as significant drivers of fake news sharing. Cognitive and emotional factors like trust in online information, perceived information overload, and social media exposure were also predictors of fake news sharing. Cultural and religious factors, as well as news content characteristics, were found to be correlated with COVID-19 fake news sharing. Facebook and WhatsApp emerged as the most commonly used platforms for sharing fake news. To address this issue, collaborative efforts are necessary involving individuals, social media platforms, technological institutions, governments, and public agencies. The study provides comprehensive insights into the driving factors behind COVID-19 related fake news sharing on social media and presents potential interventions to mitigate its spread. These findings can increase public awareness of the underlying reasons for fake news sharing and assist governments and public health institutions in devising strategies to handle fake news during future health crises

Kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal belia di Selangor

Kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal (KKI) adalah antara kemahiran yang paling penting kepada belia terutamanya ketika hendak mencari pekerjaan. Di samping itu, kepentingan kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal pada masa kini sudah tidak dapat dinafikan lagi kerana elemen kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal merupakan aset terpenting bagi membolehkan individu itu mampu bersaing dalam mendapatkan pekerjaan yang mereka ceburi. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dilaksanakan sebagai tujuan untuk mengetahui tahap penguasaan kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal belia berdasarkan elemen teori kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal dan untuk mengenal pasti perkaitan antara faktor demografi dengan tahap penguasaan kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal belia di Selangor. Seramai 400 orang belia telah dipilih menjadi subjek kajian ini. Kaedah penyelidikan yang digunakan ialah kaedah kuantitatif dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik. Selain itu, nilai Cronbach Alpha bagi keseluruhan item kajian ini di dapati berada di atas 0.70 kesemuanya. Manakala, hasil kajian yang diperolehi menunjukkan belia di Selangor lebih menguasai elemen pengetahuan dalam kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal. Bagi ujian t sampel bebas pula mendapati tahap penguasaan kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal belia berdasarkan kepada perbezaan jantina tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara. Hubungan kaum dan kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal pula tidak menunjukkan perkaitan yang signifikan. Akhir sekali, beberapa cadangan kajian masa hadapan dinyatakan, antaranya ialah melihat faktor penguasaan kompetensi komunikasi interpersonal dari segi penerapan dalam pembelajaran di universiti, rakan sebaya dan media

Health Information Seeking Behavior Among Perinatal Women: A Systematic Review

The health of perinatal women is critical to maternal well-being and infant development. Understanding how perinatal women seek health information is essential for providing effective antenatal and postnatal care. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews on this topic. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive literature review of existing research following the PRISMA-SCR guidelines. The results showed that perinatal women commonly seek pregnancy-related health information. Interpersonal sources were identified as the primary and most trusted sources of information. The study also identified various factors and barriers that influence health information seeking, including individual, socio-cultural, structural, and information-related factors, with personal responsibility for health being an influential factor that has not been emphasized previously. It provides valuable insights into the health information seeking behavior of perinatal women. The influence of personal health responsibility, social power dynamics and socio-cultural norms on health information seeking needs to be further investigated

Determining media use competencies in media literacy curriculum design for the digital society: a modified 2-wave Delphi method

Media literacy is vital for the proper functioning and well-being of individuals in a democratic society. However, an equally important consideration which has not been adequately addressed is ensuring that the media literacy course syllabus in schools and universities are relevant to the needs and challenges of the contemporary society. A modified two-wave Delphi study was carried out to gauge the opinions of stakeholders pertaining to the important aspects of media-related knowledge that young people in a digital society should be well-versed in. A total of 75 and 44 respondents participated in the 1st wave and 2nd wave respectively, representing different relevant stakeholders in the media industry and education sector. The study employed one-on-one and face-to-face interviews, using structured questionnaires. Findings of the study suggest that, from a Malaysian sociocultural perspective, media competence comprises not only understanding about media behaviour (media communication function, biasness, representation, influence, and credibility) but also encompasses moral and legal obligations in media use. In addition, understanding the normative dimension of responsible and accountable media culture is the path towards empowering and emancipating young people in using and experiencing the media for a positive self and societal development